Quiz on Genetics

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in living organisms. It explains how traits such as eye color, hair texture, and height are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry instructions for making proteins, which determine an organism’s characteristics. Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, conducted experiments on pea plants and discovered the basic principles of inheritance — dominance, segregation, and independent assortment. Chromosomes, located in the nucleus, contain these genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that determine inherited traits. Understanding genetics helps in fields like medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology to improve health and develop new varieties of plants and animals.