Q. Humburger effect is otherwise known as-
✅ Correct Answer: (C)
Respiratory product
Explanation: The Hamburger effect, also known as the chloride shift, is a process in which chloride (Cl⁻) ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions move out into the plasma. This exchange helps maintain the electrochemical balance during the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Process of Chloride Shift:
1. CO₂ Transport: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters red blood cells and reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which quickly dissociates into HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) and H⁺ (hydrogen ion).
2. Bicarbonate Exchange: To maintain balance, HCO₃⁻ moves out of the RBC into the plasma, and Cl⁻ enters the RBC to compensate for the loss of negative charge.
3. Reverse in Lungs: In the lungs, the process reverses to release CO₂ for exhalation.
Other Options Explained:
(A) Anaerobic metabolism – Incorrect, as it refers to energy production in the absence of oxygen.
(C) Respiratory product – Vague and not specific to the chloride shift.
(D) Sodium pump – Refers to the Na⁺/K⁺ pump involved in active transport, not CO₂ transport.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Chloride shift.
Process of Chloride Shift:
1. CO₂ Transport: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters red blood cells and reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which quickly dissociates into HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) and H⁺ (hydrogen ion).
2. Bicarbonate Exchange: To maintain balance, HCO₃⁻ moves out of the RBC into the plasma, and Cl⁻ enters the RBC to compensate for the loss of negative charge.
3. Reverse in Lungs: In the lungs, the process reverses to release CO₂ for exhalation.
Other Options Explained:
(A) Anaerobic metabolism – Incorrect, as it refers to energy production in the absence of oxygen.
(C) Respiratory product – Vague and not specific to the chloride shift.
(D) Sodium pump – Refers to the Na⁺/K⁺ pump involved in active transport, not CO₂ transport.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Chloride shift.
Explanation by: Mr. Dubey
The Hamburger effect, also known as the chloride shift, is a process in which chloride (Cl⁻) ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions move out into the plasma. This exchange helps maintain the electrochemical balance during the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Process of Chloride Shift:
1. CO₂ Transport: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters red blood cells and reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which quickly dissociates into HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) and H⁺ (hydrogen ion).
2. Bicarbonate Exchange: To maintain balance, HCO₃⁻ moves out of the RBC into the plasma, and Cl⁻ enters the RBC to compensate for the loss of negative charge.
3. Reverse in Lungs: In the lungs, the process reverses to release CO₂ for exhalation.
Other Options Explained:
(A) Anaerobic metabolism – Incorrect, as it refers to energy production in the absence of oxygen.
(C) Respiratory product – Vague and not specific to the chloride shift.
(D) Sodium pump – Refers to the Na⁺/K⁺ pump involved in active transport, not CO₂ transport.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Chloride shift.
Process of Chloride Shift:
1. CO₂ Transport: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters red blood cells and reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which quickly dissociates into HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) and H⁺ (hydrogen ion).
2. Bicarbonate Exchange: To maintain balance, HCO₃⁻ moves out of the RBC into the plasma, and Cl⁻ enters the RBC to compensate for the loss of negative charge.
3. Reverse in Lungs: In the lungs, the process reverses to release CO₂ for exhalation.
Other Options Explained:
(A) Anaerobic metabolism – Incorrect, as it refers to energy production in the absence of oxygen.
(C) Respiratory product – Vague and not specific to the chloride shift.
(D) Sodium pump – Refers to the Na⁺/K⁺ pump involved in active transport, not CO₂ transport.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Chloride shift.