Q. A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

• (A) Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
• (B) Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
• (C) Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel
• (D) Irrespective of the shape of the vessel