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Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, translated fifty Upanishads from Sanskrit into Persian in 1657. This translation is known as Sirr-i-Akbar ("The Greatest Secret"). His aim was to make these texts accessible to Muslim scholars and to explore common mystical themes between Islam and Hinduism. Dara Shikoh believed that the Upanishads contained the essence of divine knowledge, which he equated with the "Kitab al-Maknun" mentioned in the Qur'an.
His translation played a significant role in introducing the Upanishads to the Western world. In the 18th century, the French scholar Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron translated Sirr-i-Akbar into Latin and Greek, which later influenced Western philosophers like Arthur Schopenhauer.
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