Quiz on Genetics

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in living organisms. It explains how traits such as eye color, hair texture, and height are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry instructions for making proteins, which determine an organism’s characteristics. Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, conducted experiments on pea plants and discovered the basic principles of inheritance — dominance, segregation, and independent assortment. Chromosomes, located in the nucleus, contain these genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that determine inherited traits. Understanding genetics helps in fields like medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology to improve health and develop new varieties of plants and animals.

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Published by : on 25-Oct-2025 12:39 pm

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MCQ Questions on Quiz on Genetics

Q. Who is known as the father of genetics?

A. Charles Darwin

B. Gregor Mendel

C. Watson and Crick

D. Thomas Morgan

Correct: Option (B)

Explanation: Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his experiments on pea plants.

Q. Genes are made up of which molecule?

A. RNA

B. Protein

C. DNA

D. Carbohydrate

Correct: Option (C)

Explanation: Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for the synthesis of proteins.

Q. Where are genes located?

A. In the cytoplasm

B. On chromosomes

C. In ribosomes

D. In mitochondria

Correct: Option (B)

Explanation: Genes are located on chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of the cell.

Q. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in humans?

A. 22

B. 23

C. 24

D. 46

Correct: Option (B)

Explanation: Humans have 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes — 22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Q. Which of the following determines the sex of a baby?

A. Mother’s egg

B. Father’s sperm

C. Both equally

D. Environmental factors

Correct: Option (B)

Explanation: The father's sperm carries either an X or Y chromosome, determining the sex of the child.

Q. What does DNA stand for?

A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

B. Deoxyribose Nitrogenous Acid

C. Dinucleic Acid

D. Deoxynucleic Atom

Correct: Option (A)

Explanation: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid — the hereditary material in all living organisms.

Q. What is a dominant gene?

A. A gene that hides the effect of another gene

B. A gene that is always recessive

C. A gene that disappears in offspring

D. A gene found only in males

Correct: Option (A)

Explanation: Dominant genes express their traits even if only one copy is present, masking the recessive gene.

Q. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

A. Spiral staircase

B. Double helix

C. Circular

D. Straight chain

Correct: Option (B)

Explanation: DNA has a double helix structure — two strands twisted around each other like a spiral staircase.

Q. Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?

A. Watson and Crick

B. Gregor Mendel

C. Charles Darwin

D. Robert Hooke

Correct: Option (A)

Explanation: James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953.

Q. What is a mutation?

A. A change in the DNA sequence

B. A type of reproduction

C. A chromosome duplication

D. A protein breakdown

Correct: Option (A)

Explanation: Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence, which may result in altered traits or diseases.

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