Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) have formed a partnership to create an Indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System for the submarines in the Indian Navy.
Under this collaboration, two AIP System Modules are being developed for the Kalvari Class submarines.
These modules, comprising fuel cell-based Energy Modules (EMs), aim to generate power and produce hydrogen as needed.
This innovative approach eliminates the requirement to store hydrogen onboard, thereby addressing safety issues associated with carrying hydrogen on submarines.