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Q. ________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.

Q. _________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences.

Q. ________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.

Q. The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________.

Q. Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists.

Q. ___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors.

Q. ___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn.

Q. ________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology.

Q. One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes.

Q. ______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children, including those with special needs.