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Q. Spence's anticipatory goal concept is comparable to Tolman's

Q. If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning will proceed slowly. This phenomenon is called

Q. Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over. Each time her dog rolled over she immediately said "good dog." However, the dog did not roll over on command. Which of the following may best explain why?

Q. Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogs salivating at the sight of

Q. Classical conditioning apparently plays a role in the development of

Q. Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state. Hull called these

Q. John loves to receive mail. Over the years, he has learned to tell the difference between the sound of the mail truck and the other cars and trucks that pass his house. What process is at work here?

Q. Habit strength increases based on

Q. Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called

Q. Guthrie believed that all learning is