Q. This electronic "credit card" establishes a user's credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web and is issued by a certification authority.
Q. This is a type of network security attack in which the intruder takes control of a communication between two entities and masquerades as one of them.
Q. This type of attack may cause additional damage by sending data containing codes designed to trigger specific actions - for example, changing data or disclosing confidential information.
Q. This is the modification of personal information on a Web user's computer to gain unauthorized information with which to obtain access to the user's existing accounts.
Q. The developers of an operating system or vendor application might issue this to prevent intruders from taking advantage of a weakness in their programming.