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Explanation: Antibiotics target bacteria (their cell walls, protein synthesis, etc.). They are not effective against viruses (which require antivirals), fungi (treated with antifungals), or prions (abnormal proteins) — these require different treatments.
Explanation: Fats (lipids) store the most energy per gram and serve as long-term energy reserves in animals. Glycogen is a short-term carbohydrate storage in animals. Starch is plant storage, and protein is used mainly for structure and enzymes, not primary energy storage.
Explanation: B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to antigens. T cells assist or kill infected cells but do not secrete antibodies. Macrophages phagocytose pathogens, and neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes — none primarily produce antibodies.
Explanation: Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis exchanges DNA between homologous chromosomes, creating new allele combinations. Independent assortment also creates variation by random segregation of chromosome pairs, but it does not exchange segments. DNA replication copies genetic material; binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes.
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