Explanation: A hub broadcasts data to all devices without filtering. Switches filter using MAC addresses, routers filter by IP, and firewalls control traffic based on rules.
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Explanation: A hub broadcasts data to all devices without filtering. Switches filter using MAC addresses, routers filter by IP, and firewalls control traffic based on rules.
Explanation: Ethernet (Cat5/5e) cables have a maximum recommended length of 100 meters for reliable communication.
Explanation: SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) provides encrypted file transfers. FTP and TFTP are insecure. SMTP is for email.
Explanation: IPv6 uses 128-bit addressing, providing a much larger address space than IPv4 (32-bit). IPX and ARP are different protocols.
Explanation: The Presentation Layer is responsible for data encryption, compression, and translation. Transport handles reliability, Session manages connections.
Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses. DNS resolves domain names, ICMP is for errors, SNMP manages devices.
Explanation: Fiber optic cables use light instead of electrical signals, making them immune to EMI. Coaxial and twisted pair can be affected.
Explanation: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer web pages. FTP is for files, SMTP for sending email, IMAP for retrieving email.
Explanation: Switches operate at Layer 2 and use MAC addresses to forward frames. IP addresses are Layer 3, ports are Transport Layer.
Explanation: The Physical Layer transmits raw bits over the physical medium like cables and wireless. Other layers handle logical addressing and data management.