JAVA MCQs with answers Page - 1

Explanation: As of now Java 21 is the latest.

Explanation: Java is not a dynamically typed language; it is a statically typed language. This means that variable types are checked at compile-time, not at runtime.

Static Typing in Java

When you declare a variable in Java, you must specify its type explicitly.

Once assigned, the type cannot change.


Example:

int num = 10; // 'num' is explicitly declared as an integer
num = "Hello"; // ❌ Compile-time error: incompatible types

This strict type-checking helps catch errors early, making Java a strongly typed and statically typed language.

Explanation:

JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a crucial part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). It is responsible for executing Java bytecode, making Java platform-independent by allowing it to run on any operating system that has a JVM.

Key Functions of JVM:

• Converts Java bytecode into machine code for execution.
• Manages memory allocation and garbage collection.
• Ensures security and portability of Java applications.

Final Answer:

✅ (C) Java Virtual Machine

Explanation: Archetype is a Maven plugin whose task is to create a project structure as per its template.

Explanation:

Apache Ant is a Java-based build tool that automates software build processes. However, it does not provide lifecycle management like Maven or Gradle. Instead, it follows a procedural approach where tasks are defined in a specific sequence.

Why the other options are true?

(A) It doesn’t have formal conventions → ✅ True

• Unlike Maven, which enforces a standard project structure, Ant allows users to define their own build processes.

(B) It is procedural → ✅ True

• Ant follows a step-by-step (procedural) approach, where you explicitly define what should be done and in what order.

(C) It is a toolbox → ✅ True

• Ant provides a flexible set of tasks (tools) that can be customized according to project needs.

Final Answer:

✅ (D) It provides lifecycle management (False statement)

Explanation: mvn -version cmd is used to check the version of Maven.

Explanation:

Yes, JUnit tests can be run as part of a Jenkins job. Jenkins supports JUnit test execution and reporting through various plugins like:

• JUnit Plugin – Used to display test reports.
• Maven / Gradle Integration – Runs JUnit tests as part of the build process.
• Pipeline scripts – JUnit tests can be executed in scripted and declarative pipelines using junit step.

Example: Running JUnit in Jenkins Pipeline

pipeline {

    agent any

    stages {

        stage('Build') {

            steps {

                sh 'mvn clean test'  // Runs JUnit tests

            }

        }

        stage('Report') {

            steps {

                junit '**/target/surefire-reports/*.xml'  // Publishes JUnit reports

            }

        }

    }

}

Thus, the correct answer is: (B) True ✅

Explanation:

A Source Code Management (SCM) tool is used to track and manage changes in the source code. Among the given options:

• Git → ✅ SCM tool used for version control.
• Hudson → ❌ Old CI/CD tool (predecessor of Jenkins).
• Maven → ❌ Build automation tool.
• Jenkins → ❌ CI/CD tool for automation.

Thus, Git is the correct answer.

Explanation:

• MAVEN_HOME → ✅ This environment variable is used to specify the installation directory of Maven.
• PATH → ❌ Used to set executable directories, including Maven’s bin directory.
• CLASSPATH → ❌ Used to specify Java classes and libraries, not for Maven.
• JAVA_HOME → ❌ Used to specify the JDK installation path, required for running Java applications but not directly for Maven.

Thus, MAVEN_HOME is the correct answer.