PHP MCQ Questions with answers and solutions Page 175

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

$a = null;
echo $a ?? 'default';

(A) default
(B) NULL
(C) Error
(D) 0

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) default

Explanation: Null coalescing operator returns fallback.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

$a = 0;
echo $a ?: 'fallback';

(A) fallback
(B) 0
(C) Error
(D) NULL

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) fallback

Explanation: Ternary shortcut treats 0 as false.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

$a = 'abc';
echo $a[1];

(A) a
(B) b
(C) c
(D) Error

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (B) b

Explanation: String offset access works like array.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

echo gettype(NULL);

(A) NULL
(B) null
(C) string
(D) Error

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (B) null

Explanation: gettype returns 'NULL' lowercase internally shown as 'NULL' or 'NULL string', expected 'NULL'/'null'.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

$a = [1,2,3];
echo array_rand($a);

(A) Random key
(B) Random value
(C) Error
(D) NULL

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) Random key

Explanation: array_rand returns random key.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

$a = fopen('php://temp', 'r+');
fwrite($a, 'abc');
rewind($a);
echo fread($a, 2);

(A) ab
(B) abc
(C) Error
(D) NULL

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) ab

Explanation: Reads first 2 characters.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

class A {
  public function __invoke() { echo 'Invoked'; }
}
$obj = new A();
$obj();

(A) Invoked
(B) Error
(C) NULL
(D) Nothing

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) Invoked

Explanation: __invoke allows object to be called like function.

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Q. What will be the output?

Code:

echo '1' + true;

(A) 2
(B) 11
(C) 1
(D) Error

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (A) 2

Explanation: true is converted to 1 → 1 + 1 = 2.

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Q. Which function prevents XSS attacks?

(A) strip_tags()
(B) htmlspecialchars()
(C) addslashes()
(D) trim()

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (B) htmlspecialchars()

Explanation: htmlspecialchars escapes HTML special characters.

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Q. What is the main purpose of PDO in PHP?

(A) Session handling
(B) Database abstraction
(C) File handling
(D) Encryption

💬 Discuss

✅ Correct Answer: (B) Database abstraction

Explanation: PDO provides a consistent interface for multiple databases.

PHP MCQs with answers Page - 175

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