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Explanation: During beta-minus decay, a neutron converts into a proton and an electron is emitted.
Explanation: Control rods made of materials like cadmium or boron absorb excess neutrons to control the chain reaction.
Explanation: Deuterium (heavy hydrogen) and tritium are used as fuel in nuclear fusion reactions.
Explanation: When two deuterium nuclei fuse, they form helium and release energy.
Explanation: The Geiger-Müller counter detects and measures ionizing radiation such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays.
Explanation: Half-life is the time required for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
Explanation: Rutherford formulated the law of radioactive decay, relating decay rate to the number of undecayed nuclei.
Explanation: Alpha particles carry a +2 charge because they consist of two protons and two neutrons.
Explanation: Carbon-14 is used to estimate the age of fossils and archaeological specimens.
Explanation: Nuclear fusion in the Sun occurs in its core, where temperature and pressure are extremely high.
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