Convectional Rainfall – Major Characteristics

The air on getting heated becomes light and rises in convection currents.
As the air rises, it expands and drops the temperature and subsequently, condensation takes place and cumulus clouds are formed.
Heavy rainfall with lightning and thunder takes place which does not last long.
Such rain is usually in the summer or the hotter part of the day.
This type of rainfall generally takes place in the equatorial regions and internal parts of the continents, predominantly in the northern hemisphere.
This rainfall is usually associated with hail and graupel
Orographic Rainfall – Major Characteristics
When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to rise.
The rising air expands, eventually, the temperature falls, and the moisture gets condensed.
The principal characteristic of this type of rain is that the windward slopes get more rainfall.
After giving rain on the windward side, when these winds reach the other slope, they drop away, and their temperature increases. Then their ability to take in moisture increases and hence, these leeward slopes remain dry and rainless.
The region situated on the leeward side is known as the rain-shadow area.