The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Rowlatt Act and Khilafat Movement resulted in unrest among the masses anxious to take political action against the British government. Only added fuel to the fire was the economic hardship suffered by ordinary Indians. On August 1, 1920, the Non - Cooperation Movement 

The Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement. Mahatma Gandhi later also became one of the leaders of the Khilafat Movement in India by strongly advocating the Khilafat cause.

Turkey had aligned itself in the First World War with Germany - led Axis powers that were defeated by Great Britain - led Allied powers. The political - conscious Muslims were critical of British and their allies treatment of the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire that had divided it and properly removed Thra

The Non - Cooperation Movement has had four main causes:
1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Resultant Punjab Disturbances
2. Dissatisfaction with Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
3. Rowlatt Act
4. Khilafat Agitation

1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Resultant Punjab Disturbances
On April 13, 1919, a 

Noncooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in 1920–22, organized by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha).

The movement a

Though there are various theories, the exact reason is still unknown. As per a recent study by IIT Kharagpur and Archaeological Survey of India, a weaker monsoon might have been the cause of the decline of Indus Valley Civilization. Environmental changes, coupled with a loss of power of rulers (cent

1. The systematic method of weights and measures ( 16 and its multiples).
2. Pictographic Script, Boustrophedon script – Deciphering efforts by I. Mahadevan
3. Equal status to men and women
4. Economic Inequality, not an egalitarian society
5. Textiles – Spinning and weaving
6. 3 types – 

1. Pashupathi Mahadev (Proto Siva)
2. Mother goddess
3. Nature/ Animal worship
4. Unicorn, Dove, Peepal Tree, Fire
Amulets
5. Idol worship was practised ( not a feature of Aryans)
6. Did not construct temples.
7. The similarity to Hindu religious practises. (Hinduism in its present form origi